When we think of land snails, we often imagine their delicate, spiral shells with smooth entrances. However, some species have evolved special "teeth" located at the shell opening! Although they aren't used for biting, they serve an important protective function, helping these snails survive in harsh environments.

Its existence was unknown until 2021. This is not surprising, considering its body length barely exceeds 2.5 cm. It lives in the lowest reaches of the rainforest in the Sorata region of northern Madagascar.

For about three years, we've been receiving questions about the beautiful, enormous butterflies that soar majestically through the air in various parts of Krakow—even in the city center. Some people assume they must be swallowtails. Most, however, think they're the European Swallowtail (Papilio machaon). The hero of our story, however, is the Scarce Swallowtail (Iphiclides podalirius). These species are indeed closely related, but the European Swallowtail is widespread and a permanent fixture in our fauna.

If we were in Europe at the end of the Jurassic period and had a precise map, it would have been difficult to figure out where we were. Much of the continent remained underwater, and the small expanses of land, separated by seas, were carved into by bays of the now-vanished Tethys Ocean.

You might think that lacking legs, fins, or wings would limit your mobility. No, not at all! Snakes, for that's what we're talking about, thrive in muddy and uneven terrain, in tight crevices, on steep slopes, in water, and even in the air.